Object-Oriented Programming Wrap-up

This section covered the core principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java. You learned about:

• Inheritance: How to create new classes that inherit properties and methods from existing classes.
• Interfaces: How to define contracts that classes can implement.
• Abstract Classes: How to create classes that cannot be instantiated and must be subclassed.
• Packages: How to organize your classes into packages.

Exercise

Write a Java program that models a simple zoo.

Requirements:

1. Create an Animal interface with a speak() method.
2. Create an abstract class Mammal that implements the Animal interface. The Mammal class should have a name property.
3. Create two concrete classes, Dog and Cat, that extend the Mammal class. Implement the speak() method in each class to print "Woof!" for the dog and "Meow!" for the cat.
4. Create a Zoo class that has a list of Animals. Add a method to the Zoo class to add new animals to the list.
5. Create a Main class with a main method to test your classes. In the main method, create a Zoo instance, add a Dog and a Cat to it, and then iterate through the animals in the zoo and call their speak() method.